American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) Practice Exam

The correct answer focuses on congenital malformations, which are abnormalities that arise during the development of the fetus. These malformations can affect various parts of the body, including the skeleton, and are directly related to issues occurring in utero, often due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both.

Congenital malformations specifically refer to structural changes that are present at birth, which can result in skeletal abnormalities such as limb deformities, spinal anomalies, or craniofacial deformities. These conditions can arise from a variety of influences during pregnancy, including maternal health, exposures, and genetic predispositions.

In contrast, genetic defects may refer to specific mutations in genes but do not necessarily imply structural changes. Chromosomal disorders involve changes in the chromosome number or structure, which may lead to various syndromes but are not exclusively about skeletal issues. Developmental disorders encompass a broader range of issues related to development that may not be linked directly to congenital structural problems. Thus, congenital malformations specifically address the skeletal abnormalities recognized at birth and clearly highlight the importance of developmental influences during pregnancy.